Graves’ Disease: When the Thyroid Works Overtime
The thyroid is a gland in front of your neck that makes hormones controlling body temperature, bone growth, and metabolism. Sometimes, the thyroid produces too many hormones. This disorder is called hyperthyroidism.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in people ages 20 to 50 is Graves’ disease. Graves’ happens when disease-fighting antibodies attack the thyroid, making it grow larger and overactive. These antibodies also may attack other areas, such as the eyes and skin. Graves’ disease affects nearly one of every 100 people. It is much more common in women than in men.
The cause of Graves’ disease is unknown, although genes play a role. In fact, having a family history of Graves’ is the biggest risk factor for getting it. Having type 1 diabetes or another autoimmune disease also boosts your risk.
People with Graves’ disease often have these symptoms:
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Unplanned weight loss
- Sensitivity to heat
- A goiter, or enlarged thyroid gland
Other warning signs include:
- Sore or puffy eyes
- Sweating
- Fatigue
- Swelling and reddening skin on the lower part of the legs
- Hair loss
- Irregular periods
- Trouble getting pregnant.
If you have Graves’, your doctor will suggest ways to lower your hormone level. Left untreated, Graves’ can lead to osteoporosis. The disorder also can lead to changes in your eyes’ appearance—such as swollen eyelids and bulging eyes. Treatment may involve radioactive iodine taken by mouth, which can shrink the thyroid. Other options include hormonelowering medicines and surgery to remove some of the thyroid.
On your own, you may find that these self-care tips help:
- If your skin is red or swollen, try an over-the-counter cream with hydrocortisone or triamcinolone.
- If have lost a lot of weight, you may need to eat more calories. Talk with your doctor to learn about the best way to do this.
Testing Is Key
See a doctor if you think you may have Graves’ disease. Blood tests can check for high levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies. For a brochure and/or a physician referral to Loma Linda University Family Medical Group, call
June/July 2006 A Healthy Tomorrow
