Loma Linda University
News
October 7, 1999
- LLU researcher is working on vaccine against type I diabetes
- RAMP students work with LLU researchers
- LLU Andes and Amazon study tour planned for spring vacation
- Loma Linda physicians featured prominently in 'Best Doctors' listing
- Oakwood College sends administrative team to visit LLU
LLU researcher is working on vaccine against type I diabetes
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| Dr. Langridge holds a potato and a tomato in his hands--two very important ingredients in his quest to create vegetable- and fruit-based vaccines against such autoimmune diseases as type I diabetes. |
"The onset of the disease typically happens in children ages 3 to 5 years old," explains William Langridge, PhD, professor of biochemistry in the School of Medicine and principal researcher. "By the time they reach 16 or 17, the disease becomes full-blown."
These children are faced with a debilitating condition that will cut their lives short by about one third and will require them to receive two to three injections of insulin each day for the rest of their lives.
Researchers are looking at ways to reduce, or even prevent, the disease process.
Dr. Langridge, a researcher at Loma Linda University's Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, has discovered a novel and relatively inexpensive way to provide protection against type I diabetes.
Published in the October, 1998, issue of Nature Biotechnology, his research article is titled, "A plant-based cholera toxin B subunit-insulin fusion protein protects against the development of autoimmune diabetes."
Dr. Langridge's current research builds on information gathered in previous research where he successfully grew potatoes that produced a nontoxic portion of the cholera toxin. When eaten by laboratory mice, the genetically altered potatoes protected the mice against the effects of the toxin.
By fusing a nontoxic portion of the cholera toxin to the pancreatic self-antigen, insulin, Dr. Langridge has discovered a way to cause potatoes to synthesize small amounts of human insulin. By ingesting potatoes containing this fusion protein, laboratory mice were protected against the onset of type I diabetes.
A simplified view of the disease process begins with a malfunction of the body's immune system. Defective genes, responsible for "teaching" T lymphocytes (T cells--educated in the thymus) to not recognize self antigens, fail in their task and the immune system identifies components of the body's own cells as foreign antigens.
In the cases of individuals with type I diabetes, the body's immune system recognizes human insulin as a foreign substance and attacks the beta cells found in the islets of the pancreas which are responsible for producing insulin. The resulting inflammation destroys the beta cells and, with them, the body's ability to produce its own insulin.
The body needs insulin in order to transfer sugars through the cell membrane so they can be stored in the liver as a polymer known as glycogen.
Without insulin, "free sugars" in the bloodstream cannot be absorbed by the cells and rise to toxic levels. The individual goes into diabetic shock, which can lead to coma and eventual death if insulin is not supplied.
Dr. Langridge's approach to treating type I diabetes is based on a concept of "tolerization," where the body's immune system is desensitized to a "foreign" substance through frequently administered low doses of that substance.
Lymphocytes, white blood cells generated in the bone marrow, play a major role in protecting the body against bacterial, viral, and other foreign substances.
A class of T cells known as "T-helper cells" (TH cells), is responsible for both causing and suppressing the body's inflammatory immune response.
TH1 cells swarm to a site where a foreign substance is detected and release a variety of messenger proteins (cytokines), which create a cascade of events leading to inflammation and eventual destruction of cells labeled "foreign."
The TH1 cells are largely responsible for initiating the immune response which destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are also involved in this process.
The TH2 cells mediate the tolerization response by the immune system, causing the TH1 response to be suppressed.
Dr. Langridge is looking at the possibility of creating a variety of vaccine-containing vegetables and fruits. His techniques could potentially be used to grow edible vaccines in almost any part of the world using fruits and vegetables that are commonly consumed by a particular population.
Food preparation methods, such as cooking, can reduce the effectiveness of the vegetable or fruit vaccine.
Dr. Langridge is currently working on transferring the vaccine into tomatoes for several reasons. First, cooking the tomatoes does not seem to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine as much as with potatoes. Second, tomatoes are more likely to be eaten in their natural state than potatoes.
"The ideal would be for people to eat these fruit and vegetable vaccines raw," he grants. "For potatoes, however, that is highly unlikely in most cases."
Part of his research, therefore, must include testing fruits and vegetables for their ability to retain high enough levels of the vaccine regardless of how they are prepared.
Dr. Langridge's research shows a drop off in the effectiveness of the vaccine as the disease progresses.
"The techniques we have developed are a preventive measure," Dr. Langridge is quick to point out.
"We have seen nothing to indicate that they will help those who have already progressed to the advanced stages of type I diabetes."
It stands to reason that once the beta cells in the pancreas have been destroyed by the body's immune system, they cannot be regenerated.
However, other scientists are researching ways to treat the advanced stages of the disease.
One technique places beta cells into semi-permeable sacks which are inserted into the pancreas. The sacks counter the body's immune response to foreign cells, not allowing the cytotoxic lymphocytes to enter, while the beta cells inside the sack produce and release the necessary insulin.
Several factors make Dr. Langridge's approach to treating type I diabetes preferable.
The approach helps prevent the onset and severity of type I diabetes by desensitizing the immune system to human insulin. By eliminating the inflammation, beta cells in the islets of the pancreas are not destroyed.
Creating and producing vegetable and fruit vaccines are relatively inexpensive processes. These medicinal foods can be grown in a part of the world where they are most needed, using vegetables and fruits that are already a part of the agriculture and dietary lifestyle of a target population.
Meanwhile, Dr. Langridge's research goes forward. His latest findings are about to be published in another scientific journal, and he awaits official word of important funding (look in upcoming issues of TODAY for more announcements).
"To me, the idea of using a nutritional vaccine fits well with Loma Linda's philosophy of espousing a healthful lifestyle," Dr. Langridge offers. "I believe that if we can help protect people from disease using the foods they already eat, we will be more successful in improving their quality of life."
He adds, "If ultimately we can save even one child from suffering a lifetime with type I diabetes, it will all be worthwhile."
Dr. Langridge plans to apply his knowledge from past and present research toward understanding and finding a cure for other autoimmune diseases.
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| The first photo shows a normal islet containing beta cells and other cells located in the pancreas of a laboratory mouse. In the second photo, the lymphocytes follow the blood vessel to the islet, exit through the vessel wall, and line up to begin their attack. In the third photo, the islet collapses and is destroyed by the invading lymphocytes. | ||
RAMP students work with LLU researchers
The Research Apprenticeships for Minorities Program (RAMP), which is sponsored by Loma Linda University and Bank of America, brings local high school students to the LLU campus for a six-week intensive program where they work in close cooperation with Loma Linda University faculty and top-level researchers on various research projects.
The following are summaries of research results that each student presented at the completion ceremony:
Department of microbiology and molecular genetics
Student researcher: Juanita E. Burris
School: Los Angeles Adventist Academy
LLU researcher: Hansel M. Fletcher, PhD, assistant professor, microbiology and molecular genetics, School of Medicine
Amplification of the recA gene fragment from Peptostreptococcus micros
An ability to overcome oxidative stress is vital for colonization and survival of bacteria in an inflammatory environment such as the peridontal pocket. DNA damage is one of the lethal effects of oxidative stress typical of the periodontal pocket. The recA protein plays a key role in DNA repair and homologous recombination. Thus, it is possible that the recA gene may play an important part in virulence in periodontal pathogens. Previously, it has been shown that in the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, the recA locus which consists of a two-gene operon is important in virulence regulation in that organism.
It is unclear whether the recA gene in other periodontal pathogens may play a similar role. To investigate the genetic architecture of the recA locus in Peptostreptococcus micros, another periodontal pathogen, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a partial recA fragment. Using degenerate primers, a 0.3 kb fragment was amplified from P. micros. In future experiments this fragment will be used to isolate the intact recA gene from P. micros and facilitate further characterization.
Department of microbiology and molecular genetics
Student researcher: Mikaela Coward
School: Eisenhower High School
LLU researcher: Junichi Ryu, PhD, associate professor, microbiology and molecular genetics, School of Medicine
Cloning the modification gene of Klebsiella pneuoniae M5A1
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| Juanita E. Burris, a recent honors graduate from Los Angeles Adventist Academy, receives a certificate of completion and a $1,000 scholarship from Helen Wilson, a Bank of America representative. |
The restriction enzyme cuts the unmethylated or improperly methylated DNA into pieces, thus destroying it. The modification enzyme protects DNA from restriction by methylation.
The main objective of this summer's experiment was to isolate the DNA in each culture and see where it fits in the overall chromosome. This process is known as gene mapping.
Recently, we have tried a new technique called pulsed-filled electophoresis. This process is virtually the same as the miniprep express gel running except for the amount of kilo-bases, also known as kb. Instead of three to twelve kb this process can detect 100kb and beyond. One drawback is that this process takes a week versus an hour.
My personal responsibility was to make a M5A1 chromosomal library by using an isolation technique that will enable us to view the DNA. Below is an example that has been isolated and then pictured.
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| Mikaela Coward from Eisenhower High School poses with Helen Wilson, a Bank of America representative, at the RAMP completion ceremony. |
If it was below or in between the first two bands above the 1.6 kb, it was not a good sample or defective pMECA. I then recorded my findings in my M5A1 library data book.
Just to make sure there were no flaws I ran the sample once more.
If still positive, I transferred the good colonies to a clean plate, wrapped it in parafilm to protect against contamination and incubated it overnight in a 37°C oven. The sample was then ready for cloning.
During the last six weeks, through various experiments, I have come up with 75 good samples out of 157 tries.
See the next issue of TODAY for more research result summaries by RAMP participants.
LLU Andes and Amazon study tour planned for spring vacation
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| School of Medicine senior Lily Bendezu (center) and ADRA International president Ralph W. Watts Jr. (right), christen a “school bus” launch to take students to a school on Lake Titicaca's floating islands. Tour particpants will visit these islands during the Peru tour. While the deadline for tour registration is January 13, 2000, it is anticipated that the tour will be filled by December. Application forms are available at the School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Graduate School, and Faculty of Religion. An information session is scheduled for 2:00 p.m., October 17, in the fellowship hall of the University Church of Seventh-day Adventists. Additional information may be obtained by calling (909) 785-2041. |
Graduate School and School of Public Health students will enroll in RELE 534 "Ethical Issues in Public Health" (religion or elective credit) and School of Nursing undergraduate students will enroll in ANTH 307 "Religion in Three Culture Contexts" (humanities credit), according to the deans of the respective schools.
Further, the Schools have volunteered a tuition-subsidy formula which enables students in the above-listed programs to experience this 10-day tour for as little as $730 including air and land costs. Graduate students who apply early in the fall quarter to their financial aid advisor may receive an increased budget which covers even the $730 cost.
In addition to visiting hospitals and clinics and interfacing with health professionals, anthropologists, geographers, and religious studies personnel, tour participants will cruise the Amazon River, sail Lake Titicaca, trek the Inca Trail (optional), and board a narrow-gauge train to the "lost city of the Incas," Machu Picchu.
Tour participants will visit the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) headquarters in Lima, as well as ADRA warehouses in the countryside, plus Colegio Fernando Stahl on the shores of Lake Titicaca at 12,500 feet elevation. In addition, the tour will visit Clinica Ana Stahl located on the banks of the Amazon River.
The latter two institutions are named in honor of pioneer Adventist missionaries to Peru who are praised by academics on three continents for the manner in which the chain of clinics and indigenous school system they founded contributed to basic social change in the Peruvian highlands.
"Loma Linda University adjunct professor of Christian social ethics, Charles W. Teel Jr., PhD, brings a wide experience to this study tour," notes Gerald Winslow, PhD, dean, Faculty of Religion.
As professor of religion and society and director of La Sierra University's Stahl Center for World Service, Dr. Teel has researched, published, and hosted international conferences investigating the manner in which scholars on three continents have recognized the manner in which the health education and indigenous education efforts of the Stahls have mediated social transformation to the Peruvian highlands.
Leading the Andrews University group will be professor of anthropology Oystein LaBianca, PhD, who is also associate director of the Seigfried Horn Museum located at Andrews.
While the deadline for tour registration is January 13, 2000, it is anticipated that the tour will be filled by December notes Dr. Winslow.
Application forms are available at the School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Graduate School, and Faculty of Religion.
An information session is scheduled for 2:00 p.m., October 17, in the fellowship hall of the University Church of Seventh-day Adventists.
Information may be obtained by calling Dr. Teel at (909) 785-2041.
Loma Linda physicians featured prominently in 'Best Doctors' listing
In September, 37 Loma Linda University doctors were listed among the best doctors in the Inland Empire by Inland Empire Magazine.
These Inland Empire doctors were part of a national list, The Best Doctors in America, compiled by Woodward/White of Aiken, South Carolina. The company's goal is to compile a list of the doctors with the best training, experience, and skill in the country based on stringent peer review.
In order to obtain this information, Woodward/White contacts each doctor on the current Best Doctors list and asks them this question: “If you or a loved one needed a doctor in your specialty and you couldn't treat them yourself, to whom would you refer them?” The doctors can comment on other doctors on the list or suggest new nominations. Whether a new physician is being added to the list or one being removed, the process cannot take place without peer input.
Loma Linda University physicians included on the list may practice at the Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Community Medical Center or the Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Medical Center. All physicians are members of the School of Medicine faculty except for Mickey N. Ask, MD, who is on the faculty of the School of Public Health. The list follows.
Addiction medicine: Mickey N. Ask, MD, assistant professor of health education and promotion.
Anesthesiology: Daniel J. Cole, MD, professor of anesthesiology.
Cardiovascular disease: Pravin Shah, MD, professor of medicine.
Family medicine: Robert D. Orr, MD, professor of family medicine.
Gastroenterology: Martin J. Collen, MD, clinical professor of medicine; and Khushal A. Stanisai, MD, assistant clinical professor of medicine.
Hand surgery: Virchel E. Wood, MD, professor of orthopaedic surgery.
Infectious disease: Ingrid Blomquist, MD, associate professor of medicine.
Internal medicine: Raymond Y. Wong, MD, associate professor of medicine.
Medical oncology and hematology: Evert A. Bruckner, MD, associate professor of medicine.
Neurological surgery: Maged Abu-Assal, MD, assistant clinical professor of surgery.
Neurology, child: Stephen Ashwal, MD, professor of pediatrics.
Nuclear medicine: Eloy E. Schulz, MD, professor of radiology.
Obstetrics and gynecology: H. Frank Andersen, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology; and Elmar P. Sakala, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology.
Otolaryngology: George D. Chonkich, MD, associate professor of surgery; and George H. Petti Jr., MD, professor of surgery.
Pediatric specialists: Yvonne Fanous, MD, associate professor of pediatrics; Marquelle J. Klooster, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics; John W. Mace, MD, professor of pediatrics; Ronald M. Perkin, MD, MA, professor of pediatrics; and Shobha Sahney, MD, associate professor of pediatrics.
Pediatrics (general): Richard E. Chinnock, MD, professor of pediatrics; and Ravindra Rao, MD, associate professor of pediatrics.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation: Murray E. Brandstater, MD, PhD, professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Plastic surgery: Robert A. Hardesty, MD, professor of surgery.
Pulmonary and critical care medicine: Philip M. Gold, MD, professor of medicine.
Radiation oncology: James M. Slater, MD, FACR, professor of radiation medicine.
Radiology: Richard D. Dunbar, MD, associate professor of radiology.
Rheumatology: Edwin Krick, MD, associate professor of medicine.
Surgery: Richard Catalano, MD, associate professor of surgery.
Surgical oncology: Carlos A. Garberoglio, MD, associate professor of surgery.
Thoracic surgery: Leonard L. Bailey, MD, professor of surgery.
Urology: Edward M. Blight Jr., MD, professor of surgery; H. Roger Hadley, MD, professor of surgery; and J. David Moorhead, MD, associate professor of surgery.
Along with the list of Best Doctors, Inland Empire Magazine also ran feature articles on Loma Linda doctors Leonard Bailey, MD; Stephen Ashwal, MD; Martin J. Collen, MD; and Yvonne Fanous, MD.
Loma Linda University welcomes new and returning students
Editor's note: Information on this page was compiled by Karen Brown, a public relations/communications intern from La Sierra University.
As a new year begins at Loma Linda University, and returning students, as well as new students begin to walk the campus, they will need the scoop on campus organizations, phone numbers, and resources for when they're feeling blue and some places to go when they want to relax.
If you want to be informed on what is going on in the Loma Linda community, a good resource is the TODAY newspaper.
This is the campus newspaper that is published by the University relations office.
Its objective is to keep the Loma Linda students, employees, and faculty informed and up to speed on events that take place on the Loma Linda campus.
During the school year, TODAY is published twice a month, and during the summer, it is published once a month.
If you need to find housing or would like to sell an item, consider using Trading Post. Trading Post is a weekly publication where services, real estate, and items for sale are advertised.
The deadline for submitting advertisements is Thursday before 3:00 p.m. (During weeks with a legal holiday, the schedule may vary slightly). Ads for Trading Post can be hand delivered to the University relations office, or they can be placed in a drop box at the Medical Center lobby near the cafeteria, or by the student entrance.
Also, ads may be sent via intercampus mail or regular mail. The mailing address is: Trading Post, Office of University relations, Loma Linda University, 2112-E Chan Shun Pavilion, Loma Linda, California 92350.
Prices for ads are $4.00 for 25 words or less, and $6.00 for 26 to 50 words. The ads submitted will run for two weeks.
The Trading Post can be picked up at the University relations office, at the Campus Store, in the Medical Center near the cafeteria, or on the A-level entrance.
If you need to borrow someone's notes for a class, but can't remember their name, you can rely on the Potpourri.
Potpourri is sponsored by the office of student affairs, and is published annually. Inside the publication, students have access to names, telephone numbers, pictures, marital status, birthdates, schools, programs, and classes of their fellow students at Loma Linda University.
Do you need a ride downtown? Maybe to the airport? Well, for students, faculty, and employees who find themselves in need of transportation, there are several options in the Loma Linda area where you can find a ride.
OmniTrans buses are a great source to use when you have to get somewhere. OmniTrans makes stops in Loma Linda, San Bernardino, Fontana, Rialto, Colton, Mentone, and Yucaipa.
There is even a bus specifically for destinations into the Orange County area and to Ontario International Airport.
The Omni bus makes drops and pick-ups every 15 minutes (on average), depending on which route you are taking.
The 1999 bus fares are as follows: full fare (age 5 and older), $1.00; senior fare (age 60 and older) and those with disabilities, $.45; and children (age 4 and younger) can ride at no charge.
OmniTrans day passes are available for purchase. The price for day passes is: $2.50 for a full fare day pass and $1.25 for a senior/disability day pass.
There are also monthly passes available, and the prices are as follows: full fare pass, $36; senior/ disability pass, $16; and student pass, $26. Schedules are available in the LLU Student Services Center.
For further information on bus routes, pick up and drop off times, you may call (800) 966-6428.
If you prefer to be picked up at your door and dropped off at your destination, then a cab might be another option to fit your transportation needs.
There are many cab companies in the area. Here are just a few of them to choose from:
- Checker Cab, (909) 884-1111;
- SuperShuttle of San Gabriel, (909) 467-9600;
- Yellow Cab, (909) 684-1234;
- Yellow Cab of Corona Norco, (909) 353-1234.
There are many airlines that fly into Los Angeles International Airport
(LAX). They include: Air Jamaica, (800) 523-5585; Alaska Airlines, (800)
252-7522; British Airways, (800) 545-7644; Delta Airlines, (800) 221-1212;
Horizon Air, (800) 547-9308; Korean Air, (800) 438-5000; Southwest Airlines,
(800) 435-9792; and United Airlines, (800) 241-6522.
Ontario International Airport (ONT) also offers many conventient travel
options. Directions are as follows: from I-10, exit south on Vineyard
Avenue into the airport. For information, call (909) 937-2700.
Airlines that utilize Ontario International Airport include: American
Airlines, (800) 433-7300; Continental Airlines, (800) 523-3273; Delta
Airlines, (800) 221-1212; Southwest Airlines, (800) 435-9792; and United
Airlines, (800) 241-6522.
It is sometimes hard for students to deal with the pressure and stress
of school. Exercise is one way to help relieve stress, while getting in
shape at the same time.
If you're looking for ways to be actively involved and get in shape while
making friends, then you'll find Drayson Center to be a good option.
There, you'll find various equipment for aerobics, intramural sports,
racquetball, and tennis courts.
After you've worked up an appetite, you can get a bite to eat at Bill's
Place--the place to go for food and even better, for a friendly environment.
Drayson Center hours are: Monday to Thursday: 5:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.;
Friday: 5:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (seasonal variation); Saturday: 8:30 to
11:00 p.m.; and Sunday: 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
If you need information from Drayson Center, it is only a phone call away.
Here are some important numbers to keep handy: general information, court
reservations, intramural information, and Bill's Place Snack Shop, (909)
558-4975; programs, classes, and membership information, (909) 558- 4275.
Sometimes you may just want to get away and relax before you get back
into the books or head to work on Monday.
If you're looking for something fun and exciting to do, then you can always
find fun activities in the Loma Linda community and the surrounding area.
Huntington Library (including an art gallery and botanical gardens) is
located on 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino. For information, call (818) 405-2275.
If you're into things of a rare and delicate nature, then you may be interested
at what the Huntington Library has to offer.
The Huntington Library holds one of the world's great collections of rarities
such as books and manuscripts including the Gutenberg Bible, The Ellesmere
Chaucer, and Benjamin Franklin's autobiography in his own handwriting.
At the Municipal Art Gallery you can explore the era of contemporary and
traditional art.
This gallery is located at 4804 Hollywood Boulevard, Barnsdall Park, Los
Angeles. It is also the site of an annual city outdoor art festival.
There are many recreational sites you can go to when you want to spend
time with friends and family. They include:
Colton Golf Club: 1901 West Valley Boulevard, Colton. For information,
call (909) 877-1712.
Castle Park: 3500 Polk Avenue, Riverside, (909) 785-4140. This is a great
place to go if you're in the mood for some miniature golf.
Fiesta Village: 1405 East Washington Avenue, Colton, (909) 824-2944. In
addition to a good game of miniature golf, you can enjoy cooling off on
the water slide.
Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom: California Street and Interstate 10, Redlands,
(909) 335-7275.
Scandia Family Fun Center: Jurupa Avenue and Interstate 15, Ontario, (909)
390-3092.
There will be times when you may be feeling blue or are dealing with difficult
issues in your life. When those times arise, there are places to go for
help. These include:
- Student Counseling Center, (909) 558-6028;
- AIDS Hotline of Southern California, (800) 922-2437;
- National Alcohol and Drug Abuse Hotline, (800) 252-6465;
- Pregnancy Counseling Center (San Bernardino), (909) 885-9962;
- Christian Psychological Service, (909) 682-7240;
- Crisisline, (909) 886-4889;
- Domestic Violence Educational Services-DOVES (24 hours), (909) 886-5723;
and
- Suicide and Crisis Intervention Services, (909) 886-4889 or (909) 822-3533.
As you either start or return to school at Loma Linda University, there
will be plenty of classes, midterms, exams, practicals, and finals to
take.
But don't forget to take a breather once in a while so you can have fun,
relax, and spend time with your friends and family which are, by the way,
part of the Loma Linda community. And above all, enjoy the year and have
fun!
| Oakwood College sends administrative team to visit LLU |
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| The administrative team from Oakwood College, Huntsville, Alabama, recently visited Loma Linda University. Ella Simmons, EdD, vice president for academic affairs; Kenneth LaiHing, PhD, chair, department of chemistry; and William Hicks, MD, member of the Oakwood College Board of Trustees, met with representatives from the Schools of Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Public Health, Medicine, Nursing, the Graduate School, and the Teaching Learning Center. The purpose of their visit was to enrich and expand the partnership between Oakwood College and LLU. Leslie N. Pollard, DMin, special assistant to the president for diversity, LLU, comments, “The meetings were very successful. New possibilities for partnering and mission emerged during our discussions.” The office of diversity is planning for administrative partnership visits to LLU from other institutions in the year 2000. Pictured during a meeting with the School of Medicine are (from left): Dr. Hicks; Dr. Pollard; Leroy A. Reese, MD, assistant professor of gynecology and obstetrics, School of Medicine; Dr. Simmons; Dr. LaiHing; Gary Nelson, assistant dean for finance, School of Medicine; and Jeffrey D. Cao, MD, associate professor of pathology and human anatomy, School of Medicine. |
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